News, Speeches and Broadcast Media
Newspapers, magazines, press releases, speeches, film, television, radio and podcasts.
AGLC4 Chapter 7 covers media and communication sources that are commonly used as evidence of public statements, commentary, announcements or events.
These sources include newspaper and magazine articles, press releases, speeches, films, television programs, radio segments and podcasts. The citation format depends on the type of media being cited.
Newspapers and magazines
A newspaper or magazine article is cited by identifying the article, the publication it appeared in, and where the reader can locate it. A print newspaper citation includes:
- the author;
- the article title;
- the newspaper title;
- the place of publication;
- the date; and
- the page number.
Author, ‘Title of Article’, Newspaper (Place, day month year) page.
Unnamed authors
Where a newspaper article does not identify an author, begin the citation with the article title.
Newspaper sections
Some newspapers contain separately titled sections that have their own pagination. Where this occurs, include the section name before the newspaper title. The section name is italicised.
Online newspaper articles
An online newspaper article is cited only where there is no identical print version.
The citation changes because there is no print location. Instead of the place of publication and page number, include the online publication details and the URL. A retrieval date is not required.
Press and media releases
Press releases are usually issued by organisations such as government departments, courts, companies or other bodies. A press release citation includes:
- the issuing body;
- the title of the release;
- the type of release;
- any release number; and
- the date.
Body (Jurisdiction), ‘Title’ (Release type number, day month year) pinpoint.
Press release rules
Remember:
- If the author and issuing body are the same, do not repeat the name.
- Use the release type exactly as it appears on the document, such as Media Release, Press Statement or Announcement. If the document does not identify its type, use Media Release.
- Include a release number only if the document provides one.
- A URL may be added where it assists retrieval.
Speeches
A speech citation identifies who spoke, what the speech was called, and where and when it was delivered. It includes the speaker, the speech title, the occasion or event, and the date.
Where the speech is available online, a URL may be included.
Speaker, ‘Title of Speech’ (Speech, Occasion, day month year).
Films, television, radio and podcasts
AGLC4 treats audiovisual materials differently depending on the type of source. These citations identify:
- the specific episode, film or segment;
- the series or program;
- production or broadcast details; and
- the exact time being relied on.
Films and television programs
‘Episode Title’, Series or Program Title (Version, Studio, year) timestamp.
Radio and podcasts
Radio segments and podcasts follow a similar structure. The citation includes the episode title, the program or podcast title, the broadcaster, the full date and the timestamp.
The date is based on the time zone where the broadcast or podcast originates.
Quick identification guide
| Source | Main citation elements |
|---|---|
| Newspaper article | Author + article + publication + date + page |
| Online news article | Author + article + website details |
| Press release | Issuing body + release title + date |
| Speech | Speaker + title + occasion + date |
| Film or TV | Episode + series + production details + timestamp |
| Podcast or radio | Episode + broadcaster + date + timestamp |
Related Index entries
Speech, lecture or addressPress or media releaseNewspaper articleMagazine, newsletter or periodical articleFilm or video recordingTelevision series or episodeRadio segment or podcastLast reviewed 4 August 2026